农村集体建设用地空间研究进展与展望

我国农村集体建设用地空间布局混乱,而现有关于农村集体建设用地空间研究方面存在理论与方法缺陷。文章对农村集体建设用地空间格局及机制、农村集体建设用地的空间优化、城乡建设用地统一空间研究领域相关研究进展进行综述,结论为现有研究存在理论体系尚未建立、研究内容不健全、研究方法以定性描述和空间描述为主等问题。建议未来该领域研究应跳出传统土地管理相关理论,多学科交叉,探索地理学、经济学在农村集体建设用地空间研究方面的理论框架;基于空间格局—演变机制—优化配置的思路,构建农村集体建设用地空间格局演变动力模型、农村集体建设用地空间与人口/产业的相互影响模型、城乡建设用地统一空间模型,从农村集体建设用地空间格局及其演变机制、农村集体建设用地空间与人口/产业的协调机制、城乡联系机制下的农村集体建设用地空间优化3方面来开展农村集体建设用地空间研究。     

HOLDINGS OF NATIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN COMPANIES IN FINLAND: PERSISTENCE AND CHANGE IN THE LONGER TERM

Applying an approach of neo‐institutional research, this article examines the history of company holdings of the national government and local governments in Finland in the longer term. The article examines the genealogy of the institutional forms of these holdings, the diffusion, adoption and adaptation of these forms, and the political legitimacy of new forms and the political de‐legitimation of earlier forms. For theory, the results indicate that the individual tailoring of institutional forms offers flexibility but increases complexity. For practice, the results suggest that the company form may too easily marginalize alternative institutional forms such as co‐operatives, associations, and foundations.     

农村集体经营性建设用地入市试点透视———以北京市大兴区为例

土地制度是国家的基础性制度,事关经济社会发展与国家长治久安。文章以北京大兴区为例,对农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革中的实施主体、收益分配等5个关键问题进行了深入探讨,旨在进一步统一思想、凝聚共识,推动农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革试点工作有力、有序、有效进行。     

Formal and real ownership structure of the Polish economy: state-owned versus state-controlled enterprises

This article analyses the difference between the state’s formal and real shares in the Polish economy. We identify two basic types of corporate control exercised by the state over enterprises through ownership (in the case of majority ownership) and non-ownership tools (in the case of minority ownership). Consequently, we distinguish between two types of state enterprises: state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and state-controlled enterprises (SCEs). In post-communist economies, SCEs mainly originate from so-called reluctant privatisation, in which the transfer of ownership rights takes place without the appropriate transfer of control rights. We discuss the tools of non-ownership control used by the state. Our estimates of the real share of state enterprises in the Polish economy (which include both SOEs and SCEs) show that it is almost two times higher than the formal share (only SOEs). The share of state enterprises is also highest in the group of Poland’s largest and most important firms. We conclude that the real importance of state enterprises in the Polish economy is much higher than might be expected if only the formal share of state ownership is taken into account.     

Intercorporate Ownership,Taxes, and Corporate Payout Choices*

This paper examines whether corporate payout choices (dividends or share repurchases) are associated with intercorporate ownership in a firm. Using the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) and the Inter‐Corporate Ownership (ICO) database from Statistics Canada, I find that intercorporate ownership is positively associated with a firm’s propensity to pay dividends and negatively associated with a firm’s propensity to repurchase shares. The findings are robust to the endogeneity of intercorporate ownership and the inclusion of various control variables such as firm size, risk, liquidity, growth, and profitability.     

Reforming occupational pension schemes: the case of the Netherlands

In many countries, occupational plans are being reformed away from defined-benefit (DB) to defined-contribution (DC) designs. This paper explores the case of the Netherlands, which features a particularly high ratio of occupational pension assets to GDP. Dutch occupational DB plans suffer from a number of serious weaknesses, including ambiguous ownership of assets, back-loading of benefits, and lack of tailor-made risk management. To address these weaknesses, we propose collective individual DC plans that are actuarially fair. These schemes maintain important strengths of collective schemes, such as mandatory saving, collective procurement, and pooling of biometric risks. At the same time, they eliminate intergenerational conflicts about risk management and distribution through transparent individual property rights on financial assets and tailor-made risk profiles in individual accounts. We show how the transitional burden due to phasing out the back-loading of pension benefits can be addressed without a substantial increase in contributions.     

Is there really a foreign ownership wage premium? Evidence from matched employer-employee data

Numerous studies on firm-level data have reported higher average wages in foreign-owned firms than in domestically owned firms. This, however, does not necessarily imply that the individual worker's wage increase with foreign ownership. Using detailed matched employer-employee data on the entire Swedish private sector, we examine the effect of foreign ownership on individual wages, controlling for individual and firm heterogeneity as well as for possible selection bias in foreign acquisitions. We distinguish between foreign greenfields and takeovers and compare foreign-owned firms with both domestic multinationals and local firms. Our results show a considerably smaller wage premium in foreign-owned firms than what has been found in studies conducted at a more aggregate level. Moreover, foreign takeovers of Swedish firms tend to have no or even a negative effect on wages.     

二元经济结构转换与发展农村集体经济

刘易斯在吸收了马克思和古典经济学家关于劳动力和经济增长理论的基础上,指出新古典增长模型忽视了部分发展中国家劳动力无限供给这一特征,认为工业化的发展能带动农业的现代化。但是中国目前大量的剩余劳动力的存在,城乡差距的拉大,使人们意识到由于我国特殊的国情和“增长极”的作用,解决农村问题的关键是要依靠自身的发展,发展集体经济,提高农村劳动生产率,促进工农业均衡发展,建设社会主义新农村。     

风景名胜资源产权辨析及使用权分割

所有权既是一个法律概念，也是一个经济概念。法律框架下的风景名胜资源的所有权并不能达到产权意义上对资源使用的约束和激励。在所有权归属不变的前提下，从资源的物质角度可以确定出比较重要的三项权利——占有权、使用权和管理权。它们在不同的经济关系中有不同的表现形式。风景名胜资源产权分割的分析表明：资源管理也可以拒绝经营权；当所有者代理人选择经营权后，选择经营者、决定转让价格、制定约束合同是产权变更的关键环节。